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·食欲调控系统涉及多种神经递质与激素的协同作用，除食欲肽外，瘦素、饥饿素、胆囊收缩素乃至多巴胺与内啡肽都参与其中。以食欲肽为例，它不仅会在进食时促进多巴胺神经元活动来增强食欲，还能激活μ阿片受体，通过与内啡肽结合产生愉悦感。
·调控食欲的激素具有多重生理功能不仅管理能量代谢，还深度参与情绪调节、睡眠周期和记忆形成等过程。这种复杂的交互关系可以解释为何存在情绪障碍或睡眠问题的人群，往往伴随食欲异常的表现。这种生理系统的广泛关联性提示我们，饮食行为本质上是身心状态的重要外在表征。
参考资料
[1]Kinsey A W, Ormsbee M J. The health impact of nighttime eating: old and new perspectives[J]. Nutrients, 2015, 7(4): 2648-2662.
[2]Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, et al. Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite[J]. Annals of internal medicine, 2004, 141(11): 846-850.
[3]Willie J T, Chemelli R M, Sinton C M, et al. To eat or to sleep? Orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness[J]. Annual review of neuroscience, 2001, 24(1): 429-458.
[4]Sakurai T. The role of orexin in motivated behaviours[J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2014, 15(11): 719-731.
[5]Chieffi S, Carotenuto M, Monda V, et al. Orexin system: the key for a healthy life[J]. Frontiers in physiology, 2017, 8: 357.
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